Skin Cancer Treatment in India

Skin Cancer

Skin cancers are cancers that arise from the skin. They are due to the development of abnormal cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. It is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal skin cells. It occurs when unrepaired DNA damage to skin cells (most often caused by ultraviolet radiation from sunshine or tanning beds) triggers mutations, or genetic defects, that lead the skin cells to multiply rapidly and form malignant tumors.

Causes of Skin Cancer

• Sun exposure. Ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun is the main environmental cause of most skin cancers. …
• Sunbeds. Reguarly using sunlamps and sunbeds can increase the risk of developing some skin cancers. …
• Previous skin cancers. …
• Previous radiotherapy treatment. …
• Lowered immunity. …
• Exposure to chemicals. …
• Genetic conditions.

Symptoms of Skin Cancer

Symptoms of basal cell carcinoma

Basal cell cancers may:

• be smooth and pearly
• look waxy
• appear as a firm, red lump
• bleed sometimes
• develop a crust or scab
• begin to heal but never completely heal
• be itchy
• look like a flat, red spot which is scaly and crusty
• develop into a painless ulcer.

Symptoms of squamous cell carcinoma

Squamous cell cancers usually develop in areas that have been damaged by sun exposure. They are mainly found on the face, neck, bald scalps, arms, backs of hands and lower legs. Squamous cell cancers may:

• look scaly
• have a hard, horny cap
• make the skin raised in the area of the cancer
• feel tender to touch
• bleed sometimes.

Some of the symptoms of melanoma include –

• Bruise on the foot that does not heal
• A mole on the skin which is changing in shape or color and is also growing
• Black or brown streak underneath toenail or fingernail
• Appearance of new dark spot that looks like a mole and also grows quickly
• Bleeding, pain or itch in a new spot on the skin
• A bleeding and scaly mole on the skin

Stages of Skin Cancer

Stage 0

Stage 0 is also called Bowen’s disease or carcinoma in situ. Carcinoma means there are cancer cells there. In situ means the cells are still in the place where they started to develop. So the cells have started to turn into cancer, but they have not yet spread or grown into surrounding areas of the skin. If it is not treated, Bowen’s disease can develop into a squamous cell skin cancer.

Stage 1

Stage 1 means the cancer is 2cm across or less and has 1 or no high risk features.

High risk features mean the cancer

• Is more than 2mm thick
• Has grown into the lower dermis
• Has grown into the space around a nerve (perineural invasion)
• Started on the ear or lip
• Looks very abnormal under the microscope (the cells are poorly differentiated or undifferentiated)

Stage 2

Stage 2 means the cancer is more than 2cm across, or has 2 or more high risk features.

Stage 3

Stage 3 means the cancer

• Has grown into the bones in the face, such as the jaw bone or the bone around the eye, OR
• Has spread to a nearby lymph node (or lymph gland) on the same side of the body (and is less than 3cm)

Stage 4

Stage 4 means the cancer

• Has grown into the spine, ribs or lower part of the skull, OR
• Has spread to a lymph node that is more than 3cm OR to an internal organ, such as the lungs

Diagnosis of Skin Cancer

• Do a physical exam of your skin.
• Do a skin biopsy. Your doctor will take a sample of your skin and have it tested for melanoma.
• Check your lymph nodes to see if they are larger than normal. This may be followed by a sentinel lymph node biopsyto see if the melanoma has spread to your lymph system.
• Use imaging tests to see if the cancer has spread to other parts of your body, such as the lungs, brain, or liver. These tests include emission tomography (PET scan), computed tomography (CT scan), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Treatment of Skin Cancer

Surgery

Most basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers can be successfully treated with surgery. In most cases the surgery is minor. The affected area is completely removed, usually under local anaesthetic

Radiotherapy

Radiotherapy can be used to treat basal cell or squamous cell skin cancers

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy tablets or injections are only used in certain circumstances for skin cancer. More often, chemotherapy creams are used

• To treat actinic keratosis
• For skin cancers that are only on the top layer of the skin

Immunotherapy

Interferon stimulates your body’s immune system to pick out and fight cancer cells. Interferon is sometimes used to treat advanced squamous cell cancers that started in the nose, mouth or elsewhere inside the head and neck area

Photodynamic therapy (PDT)

This is a relatively new type of treatment. It is another alternative to surgery. PDT uses a drug that makes skin cells sensitive to light. The area of skin that needs treating is exposed to a special type of light, and the cancer cells are destroyed

Coronary Angioplasty in India

Coronary Angioplasty

A coronary angioplasty is a procedure used to widen blocked or narrowed coronary arteries (the main blood vessels supplying the heart). The term ‘angioplasty’ means using a balloon to stretch open a narrowed or blocked artery. All kinds of vascular interventions performed in minimally invasive or percutaneous method are a part of the angioplasty. Coronary angioplasty – or PCI and PTCA is a procedure that helps treat coronary heart disease and angina. This treatment helps improve the blood supply to your heart muscle by widening narrowed coronary arteries and inserting a small tube called a stent.
Angioplasty can help to relieve angina symptoms and is also used as an emergency treatment for people who’ve had a heart attack

Procedure for Coronary Angioplasty

An angioplasty normally takes between 30 minutes and two hours, although it can take longer.

• At the start of the procedure you’ll be given a local anaesthetic to numb the area. Then a catheter – a fine, flexible, hollow tube – with a small inflatable balloon at its tip is passed into an artery in either your groin or your arm.
• Some dye (contrast) is injected into the catheter and the arteries can be seen on an x-ray screen. It’s normal to feel a hot flushing sensation when the dye is injected.
• The operator then directs the catheter up to the heart and into a coronary artery until its tip reaches a narrow or blocked section.
• The balloon is then gently inflated so that it squashes the fatty plaques – or deposits – against the artery wall, widening the artery and allowing the blood to flow more easily.
• A stent – a small tube of stainless steel mesh – is already in place on the balloon. As the balloon is inflated, the stent expands so that it holds open the narrowed artery. The balloon is let down and removed, leaving the stent in place.
• Some people may feel a palpitation, and you might feel some angina. If you feel unwell, or have pain at any time during the procedure, tell the team.

When the test is over, the catheters are removed. Sometimes there might be a small amount of bleeding when they are taken out. A nurse or doctor will press on the area for a short while or they may put in a plug called an angioseal to stop any bleeding. After the procedure, you’ll need to stay in bed for a while.

Benefits of Coronary Angioplasty

Coronary angioplasty aims to widen narrowed blood vessels, to help increase the flow of blood to the heart. This decreases the risk of a heart attack, reduces the symptoms of angina, and slows the progress of coronary artery disease

What to expect after Coronary Angioplasty

After angioplasty, you will be moved to a recovery room or to the coronary care unit. Your heart rate, pulse, and blood pressure will be closely monitored and the catheter insertion site checked for bleeding. You may have a large bandage or a compression device on your groin or arm at the catheter insertion site to prevent bleeding. You will likely stay one night in the hospital.

Do not do strenuous exercise and do not lift anything heavy until your doctor says it is okay. This may be for a day or two. You may resume exercise and driving after several days.

You will take antiplatelet medicines to help prevent another heart attack or a stroke. After your procedure, you might attend a cardiac rehabilitation program. In cardiac rehab, a team of health professionals provides education and support to help you recover and build new, healthy habits, such as eating right and getting more exercise. For keeping yourhearthealthy and your arteries open, making these changes is just as important as getting treatment.

Angioplasty vs. Bypass Surgery

The choice of angioplasty or bypass surgery is based on physician and patient preference, as well as patient-specific characteristics, such as diabetes or heart failure, which may favor one strategy over another. Angioplasty should be considered when one, two, or even three arteries have become narrowed, provided that the arteries are suitable for angioplasty. When there is significant narrowing of the left main coronary artery or of all three major coronary arteries, Bypass surgery should be considered. Bypass surgery is preferable in the presence of diabetes and/or heart failure when two or three coronary arteries are narrowed. If revascularization is feasible, either angioplasty or bypass surgery is indicated when medical treatment has failed to relieve angina.

how much does angioplasty surgery cost

The cost of Angioplasty in india differs depending upon the type and number of stents being used. At our network heart hospitals in India high quality stents from some of the leading manufacturers in world, are being used. The quality of stents, consumables or the procedure is at par with some of the best heart centers in the world. Our network heart hospitals in India offer heart procedures like angioplasty at lowest cost when compared to any leading heart hospital in the world. Typically you can save upto 40 to 60 % of the cost when compared to leading heart hospitals in US, UK or Germany. The cardiologists at our network heart centers in India are highly skilled and experienced and are trained or worked at some of the leading heart institutes in the world. Because of all these reasons a large number of heart patients come to our network heart hospitals in India and we help them to make their medical travel to India a great experience. 

Coronary Angiography in India

Coronary Angiography

The coronary arteries supply your heart muscle with blood. They can become clogged from a buildup of cholesterol, cells or other substances (plaque). This can reduce the flow of blood to your heart. If a blood clot forms and blocks blood flow through that artery, a heart attack may occur. A coronary angiogram is a special X-ray test. It’s done to find out if your coronary arteries are blocked or narrowed, where and by how much. An angiogram can help your doctor see if you need treatment such as angioplasty or stent, coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) or medical therapy. It is a is a technique of medical imaging where an X-Ray is taken of the heart to visualize the inner opening of the arteries, veins and the four heart chambers, right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium and left ventricle..During the coronary angiography, a contrast dye will be injected into your arteries through a catheter (thin, plastic tube), while your doctor watches how blood flows through your heart on an X-ray screen.

This test is also known as a cardiac angiogram, catheter arteriography, or cardiac catheterization

cardiac catheterization procedure

Cardiac catheterization involves passing a thin flexible tube (catheter) into the right or left side of the heart. The catheter is most often inserted from the groin or the arm. The nurse will clean a site on your arm, neck, or groin and insert a line into one of your veins. This is called an intravenous (IV) line.

A larger thin plastic tube called a sheath is placed into a vein or artery in your leg or arm. Then longer plastic tubes called catheters are carefully moved up into the heart using live x-rays as a guide. Then the doctor can:

• Collect blood samples from the heart
• Measure pressure and blood flow in the heart’s chambers and in the large arteries around the heart
• Measure the oxygen in different parts of your heart
• Examine the arteries of the heart
• Perform a biopsy on the heart muscle
• For some procedures, you may be injected with a dye that helps your doctor to visualize the structures and vessels within the heart.

If you have a blockage, you may have angioplasty and a stent placed during the procedure.

How long does the Cardiac catheterization procedure take ?

Simple Coronary Angiography usually takes about 30 minutes to 60 minutes to complete

Symptons of heart disease

• Chest Discomfort
• Nausea, Indigestion, Heartburn, or Stomach Pain
• Pain that Spreads to the Arm
• You Feel Dizzy or Lightheaded
•  Throat or Jaw Pain
• You Get Exhausted Easily
• Snoring
• Sweating
• A Cough That Won’t Quit
• Your Legs, Feet, and Ankles Are Swollen
• Irregular Heart Beat

Who should consider Coronary Cardiac CT Angiography ?

The single most important step for patients trying to determine whether they should have a Coronary CTA is a consultation with the cardiologist. Appropriate use of Coronary CTA is important as the scan carries a very small risk from X-ray exposure and contrast dye exposure.

The strength of Coronary CTA is its ability to confidently exclude significant coronary stenosis and therefore avoid the need for invasive angiography. The careful use of Coronary CTA is important for patients who have:

• Symptoms of chest pain
• Unclear or inconclusive stress test (treadmill, stress echocardiogram or nuclear stress test).
• Ongoing chest pain despite negative stress test.
• Unexplained shortness of breath or fatigue during physical activity.
• Suspicion of an underlying coronary artery anomaly
• Evaluation for possible presence of coronary artery disease in patients undergoing non-coronary cardiac surgery

Who should not have Coronary CTA?

Patients who are highly likely to have blockages are better investigated with coronary angiography since angiography is required to confirm and treat (stents or bypass surgery) any significant stenosis detected on Coronary CTA. Such patients include those with a clear history of chest pain during heavy physical activity at high risk of a cardiovascular adverse event, strongly positive stress-test results and known history of coronary artery disease or heart attack..

Coronary CTA is contra indicated in patients with severe kidney impairment or prior severe allergic reaction (anaphylactic) to contrast (dye).

Hand & Wrist Surgery in India

Hand & wrist

The movement and power of your hand and wrist are controlled by muscles and tendon. Hand and wrist surgery is refered to the treatment of bones and soft tissue injuries with the use of the latest technology and tools.

Hand Joint Replacement Surgery

Hand surgery is an orthopedic process which deals with problems  with the fingers, hands and wrists. This surgery helps in improving the range of motion, for repairing muscles, tendons or  damage in bones due to injury or disease. It also helps in restoration of the appearance of hands and fingers, due to any reason.
Common types of hand surgery include:

• carpal tunnel release
• Dupuytren’s contracture fasciectomy
• trigger finger release
• tendon repair
• ganglion removal
• knuckle (MCP joint) replacement
• thumb joint surgery.

Carpal tunnel release

Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when pressure is put on the median nerve as it passes through your wrist under the carpal tunnel ligament. This results in pins and needles and numbness in your fingers. Surgery is sometimes needed to ease pressure on the nerve. This is done by splitting the carpal tunnel ligament under local anaesthetic

Dupuytren’s contracture fasciectomy

Dupuytren’s contracture is a condition caused by tissue forming in the palm of your hand and your fingers. It’s often painless may only cause only skin nodules, but it can also form bands that make your fingers curl down into your palm. You may need surgery to remove the tissue and release your fingers

Trigger finger release

If you have trigger finger, the affected finger can often bend normally but becomes stuck in a curled position. This is caused by the tendon which allows your finger to bend becoming thickened, so it becomes stuck in the tunnel where the tendon enters your finger. You may need to use your other hand to help ‘trigger’ your finger straight – which is where the condition gets its name from.
You may be referred to a hand therapist for a splint to be made for you to stop your finger triggering while you’re using it. A local injection helps in most cases. If this fails, you may need a minor day-case operation to open the tunnel and free the tendon.

Tendon repair

Tendon or nerve repairs are  for patients with conditions due to trauma, infections and sports injuries. It is performed within 24 hours of injury for best results. These are very complex procedures and need to be done carefully.

Ganglion removal

A thick fluid called synovial fluid helps joints and tendons move slowly. Sometimes this fluid leaks out of the joint or tendon sheath. The fluid then becomes very thick and sticky, and it may form pockets of fluid (cysts) known as ganglions. These ganglions:

• feel firm or hard when pressed
• are commonly found on the back of your wrist, but they can occur elsewhere
• are commonly associated with osteoarthritiswhen seen on the tips of the backs of your fingers and in your wrist.

Ganglions sometimes disappear on their own, but if they become painful or reduce movement the fluid can sometimes be drainined using a needle. You may need minor surgery to remove them, although it’s likely

• knuckle (MCP joint) replacement

The MCP joints are the large knuckles at the base of your fingers, often referred to as ‘back knuckles’. These joints enable us to position our fingers correctly during tasks as well as allowing for strong gripping and pinching. We use our hands in this way throughout the day so these joints can wear down and become painful. Some conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, can also cause joint changes. You may have noticed some deformity at these joints, a loss of movement and less ability to use your hand normally. A MCP joint replacement involves removing the old joint and replacing it with a new silicone hinged joint.

thumb joint sur

Thumb joint surgery is necessary in condition of Arthritis.It  is a condition that irritates or destroys a joint. Although there are several types of arthritis, the one that most often affects the joint at the base of the thumb (the basal joint) is osteoarthritis (degenerative or “wear-and-tear” arthritis)

Treatment

Nonsurgical Treatment

In its early stages, arthritis at the base of the thumb will respond to nonsurgical treatment.

• Ice the joint for 5 to 15 minutes several times a day.
• Take an anti-inflammatory medication, such as aspirin or ibuprofen, to help reduce inflammation and swelling.
• Wear a supportive splint to limit the movement of your thumb, and allow the joint to rest and heal. The splint may protect both the wrist and the thumb. It may be worn overnight or intermittently during the day.

Because arthritis is a progressive, degenerative disease, the condition may worsen over time. The next phase in treatment involves injecting a steroid solution injection directly into the joint. This will usually provide relief for several months. However, these injections cannot be repeated indefinitely.

Surgical Treatment

The most common joint replacement procedure for the thumb base is done with natural material. The procedure is termed the ligament reconstruction-tendon interposition procedure (LRTI). This procedure uses the patient’s own tendon to stabilize the thumb and resurface the joint. LRTI provides stability and pain relief. Long-term results have been excellent. This has also been called the tendon roll or “anchovy” procedure because the tendon used is curled to form the new joint cushion. When nonsurgical treatment is no longer effective, surgery is an option. The operation can be performed on an outpatient basis, and several different procedures can be used.
One option involves fusing the bones of the joint together. This, however, will limit movement.

wrist Surgery

Arthritis in the wrist joint is common in people with rheumatoid arthritis. Some people may need an surgery if the joint is very painful and not responding to other treatment. If your wrist is badly affected, moving your hand up, down and sideways may be very painful and it’ll be very difficult to twist your forearm to place the palm of your hand upwards –
There are two options for wrist surgery

Wrist fusion

Wrist fusion may be suggested if your wrist is badly damaged. This is where the bones in your wrist are fixed to the bones in your hand. This reduces pain and increases strength but usually stops you moving your wrist up and down

Wrist joint replacement

Wrist joint replacement isn’t yet a common operation. The aim is to keep some wrist movement and get rid of pain.
There are other types of conditions seen in the wrist joint:

Ligament Injury

A sprain is an injury to a ligament. Ligaments are the connective tissues that connect bones to bones; they could be thought of as tape that holds the bones together at a joint. Writs have many ligaments (soft tissues) to connect bones to each other. If due to any trauma, it gets ruptured, this surgery is performed.
Treatment may range from wearing a splint or cast to surgery. Surgery may consist of arthroscopic (with an internal camera) or open surgery. A variety of repair methods exist, which could include metal pins, screws, and other specialized devices.

Facture

A wrist fracture is a medical term for a broken wrist. The wrist is made up of eight small bones which connect with the two long forearm bones called the radius and ulna. Although a broken wrist can happen in any of these 10 bones.. Some wrist fractures are stable. “Non-displaced” breaks, in which the bones do not move out of place initially, can be stable. Some “displaced” breaks (which need to be put back into the right place, called “reduction” or “setting”) also can be stable enough to treat in a cast or splint.
Treatment depends on many factors :

• Type of fracture, whether it is displaced, unstable or open
• Your age, job, hobbies, activity level, and whether it is your “dominant” hand
• Your overall general health
• Presence of other injuries

A padded splint might be worn at first in order to align the bones and support the wrist to provide some relief from the initial pain. If the fracture is not too unstable, a cast may be used to hold a fracture that has been set. Other fractures may benefit from surgery to put the broken bones back together and hold them in correct place.
Fractures may be fixed with many devices. Pins, screws, plates, rods or external fixation can all be used. Sometimes the bone is so severely crushed that there is a gap in the bone once it has been realigned. In these cases, a bone graft may be added to help the healing process.

Cost of Hand and wrist surgery in India

The major benefit  of low cost with  excellent-quality services internationally-trained medical practitioners and hospitals with top most technique and equipment for hand and wrist surgery makes India best destination for medical tourism as compared to countries like USA,UK,Europe and rest of the world.

Foot and Ankle surgery in India

Foot and ankle surgery is a sub-specialty of orthopedics and podiatry that deals with the treatment, diagnosis and prevention of disorders of the foot and ankle. This surgery can relieve pain and maintain motion in the arthritic ankle joint and is an alternative to arthrodesis (ankle fusion) which can relieve pain but eliminates motion in the joint.
Conditions that may need surgery include:

• bunions
• hammertoes
• damaged metatarsal bones
• ankle arthritis
• Achilles tendon disorders
• Morton’s neuroma
• tibialis posterior dysfunction
• plantar fasciitis.
• Ligament fractures
• Diabetic foot disorders

Types of Foot and ankle surgery

Bunions

Bunions are bony lumps that develop on the side of your foot and at the base of your big toe. They’re the result of a condition called hallux valgus, which causes your big toe joint to bend towards the other toes and become deformed. If symptoms carry on over a long period, your toe may need to be surgically corrected. This involves straightening your big toe and metatarsals, a process called an osteotomy. Although this may make your joint stiffer, it works to ease the pain. If your bunion has been caused by rheumatoid arthritis, you may also develop rheumatoid nodules. These firm, pea-sized lumps can occur at pressure points such as your big toe joints, the back of your heels or on your toes, but they can be surgically removed –

Hammer toes

As well as bunions, hallux valgus can also cause your other toes to become clawed or permanently bent. This condition is known as hammer toes. Damages caused by hammer toes can be eased by:

arthroplasty – removing the deformed joint between your toe bones (phalanges), which leaves the joint flexible

arthrodesis – fusing your phalanges together, which leaves your toe more stable but means you’ll only be able to wear flat shoes after the operation. These surgeries take a span ranging from an hour to a day.

Metatarsal surgery

The joints in your forefoot can be damaged by inflammation of the lining of your joint (synovitis) in some forms of arthritis, for example rheumatoid arthritis. These small joints are called the metatarsophalangeal joints (MTPJs), and they can become dislocated when damaged by arthritis. The pain and discomfort this causes is sometimes described as feeling like you’re walking on pebbles
If treatments do not help, surgery is the only solution, depending on the severity of the problem.

Ankle Arthritis

Ankle arthritis is a clinical condition in which the joint that connects the foot to the leg, known as the tibiotalar or ankle joint, has damaged or worn out cartilage. There are three bones involved in this joint: the tibia, the fibula and the talus. The arthritis can involve any or all of these bones. Arthritis is characterized by pain ,swelling and occasional deformity of the joint. You may need surgery if your symptoms are severe. There are three surgical options: –

• Ankle fusion
• Ankle replacement
• Triple fusion
• Ankle fusion

Ankle fusion involves removing the damaged ankle joint and fusing your talus bone to your tibia to form a stiff but pain-free ankle. Your foot is fused at a right angle to your leg, in the position it would be if you were standing up. Your bones are held together using screws and new bone grows across, creating one bone where there were two . In some cases this procedure can be performed using keyhole surgery (arthroscopy), which means it can be done through just a small cut, so your joint doesn’t have to be opened up. The procedure takes between one and two hours .

Ankle replacement

An ankle replacement surgery involves taking out the worn-out ends of your tibia and talus bones and replacing them with artificia) ends made out of plastic or metal. Unlike an ankle fusion, a replacement allows you to move your joint after surgery. – This surgery takes around an hour or two and a patient gets well in 6 weeks. This replacement lasts for around 15 years and may need new joints.

Triple fusion

Triple fusion is the surgical fusion of three joints (the talonavicular, subtalar and calcaneocuboid joints) either as a treatment for arthritis within these joints or as a method of correcting a stiff foot deformity. A combination of plates, screws or staples is often used to do this. It takes 12–14 weeks for the fusion to be complete

Achilles tendon disorders

Achilles tendon is the largest tendon in your body,and the muscle in your lower leg puts a lot of force through it to make you move. As we get older it can start to wear, which can lead to painful swellings within the main tendon or where it attaches to your heel bone . The surgery is performed in a day’s time and needing crutches later.
There are 3 choices in ankle replacement implants where each has a specific design. The three types ate- InBone (Wright) ankle replacement, The Salto Talaris (Tornier) ankle replacement and the Agility (Depuy) ankle replacement.

Morton’s neuroma

The most common neuroma in the foot is a Morton’s neuroma, which occurs between the third and fourth toes. It is sometimes referred to as an intermetatarsal neuroma. “Intermetatarsal” describes its location in the ball of the foot between the metatarsal bones. Neuromas may also occur in other locations in the foot.

The thickening, or enlargement, of the nerve that defines a neuroma is the result of compression and irritation of the nerve. This compression creates enlargement of the nerve, eventually leading to permanent nerve damage.

Symptoms

• Tingling, burning, or numbness
• Pain
• A feeling that something is inside the ball of the foot
• A feeling that there’s something in the shoe or a sock is bunched up

If the problem is severe, surgery for removal  of the nerve is the solution which needs  you to wear a bandage for about 2 weeks
Tibialis posterior dysfunction

Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction is one of the most common problems of the foot and ankle. It occurs when the posterior tibial tendon becomes inflamed or torn. As a result, the tendon may not be able to provide stability and support for the arch of the foot, resulting in flat foot.

Most patients can be treated without surgery, using orthotics and braces. If orthotics and braces do not provide relief, surgery can be an effective way to help with the pain. Surgery might be as simple as removing the inflamed tissue or repairing a simple tear.

The surgery takes around 2 hours and takes around 8-12 weeks to get healed.

Plantar fasciitis

The plantar fascia is a tough band of fibrous tissue that starts at your heel bone and stretches across the sole of your foot to your toes. Plantar fasciitis is inflammation at the site where the fascia attaches under your heel . The surgery takes around one hour and one is needed to wear a bandage after the surgery.

Cost of Foot and Ankle Surgery in India

The costs  of foot and ankle surgery in the countries like the UK,USA and Europe is very high as compared  to  the cost of foot and ankle surgery in India which very afforfable. Top most  technology is used in  hospitals offering excellent personalized services and treatments from internationally trained doctors and surgeons.